分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 37816), usually 1 - 15 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 24°C - 28°C; 29°N - 34°S, 33°E - 122°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Durban, South Africa and eastward to French Polynesia and the Pitcairn group, north to the Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. May be confused with Cephalopholis cyanostigma.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的德爾班與向東至法屬玻里尼西亞與皮特凱恩島群, 北至琉球與小笠原群島, 南至澳洲北部與羅得豪島。 可能是與 黃背青九棘鱸〔Cephalopholis cyanostigma〕 互相混淆。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11441); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest body depth 2.7-3.3 in SL; dorsal soft rays usually 16-17; pectoral fin rays usually 16-17; longitudinal scale series 95-110; caudal fin rounded; pelvic fins short , 1.9-2.4 in head length. Colour of body dark brown, with small black-edged blue spots; often with 5-6 pale bars on rear part of body and a large pale area over the chest (abdominal/pectoral region) (Ref. 39231, 90102).
深褐色的顏色, 有小的黑邊假眼斑; 在身體的後面部份上的 5-6 灰白的橫帶; 在胸上的大灰白的區域; 胸鰭的末梢部部份有時褐紅色的褐色; 在背鰭棘的頂端的三角形的薄膜金橘色的顏色。
A generally common species (Ref. 9710). Adults are benthic and benthopelagic in a variety of coral habitats (Ref. 58534, 58302) from tide pools to depths of at least 40 m; preferring the 1 to 10 m reef zone. Juveniles prefer shallow, protected coral thickets (Ref. 37816). Mature adults are found in social units comprising up to 12 adults, including 1 dominant male and each group occupies a specific area (up to 2,000 sq. m.) that is defended by the territorial male and subdivided into secondary territories, each inhabited by a single female (Ref. 39231). At times, they may also be solitary (Ref. 90102). Adults feed mainly on fishes (75-95%) and to a lesser extent on crustaceans. In the Red Sea, they feed early in the morning and late afternoon (Ref. 6775) but in Madagascar, they appear to feed more at night (Ref. 6774). They are implicated in ciguatera at some of the islands in the Pacific region. They can be seen in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). They are important to artisanal fisheries throughout the Indo-West Pacific region and often caught with hook-and-line, spear, and in traps (Ref. 39231). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
一個通常普遍種 (參考文獻 9710) 發現於多種珊瑚棲地 (參考文獻 58534) 從潮池到深度至少 40 公尺.; 偏愛這 1 到 10個公尺礁區。 稚魚偏愛水淺且有遮蔽的珊瑚叢。 (參考文獻 37816) 主要吃魚 (75-95%) 與少部分的甲殼動物。 在紅海，它吃清晨與午後接近傍晚;(參考文獻 6775) 但是在馬達加斯加，它出現更在晚上覓食.(參考文獻 6774) 在太平洋的區域一些島嶼關係到雪卡魚毒.。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的德爾班與向東至法屬玻里尼西亞與皮特凱恩島群, 北至琉球與小笠原群島, 南至澳洲北部與羅得豪島。 可能是與 黃背青九棘鱸〔Cephalopholis cyanostigma〕 互相混淆。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.9 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3533 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01059 - 0.01430), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.8 [20.4, 60.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.277, 0.892] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.9, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.152 [0.098, 0.235] g/100g; Selenium = 35.2 [19.9, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 148 [53, 474] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.673 [0.495, 1.087] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
