Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; katadrom (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 10°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 10°S - 38°S
Oceania: Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 44894); common length : 20.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 44894)
Occur in freshwater streams and brackish shore areas. Inhabit still or gently flowing freshwater streams over rock, mud or gravel, a bottom-dwelling fish. Usually found near aquatic vegetation or woody debris. During rainy periods, may migrate downstream into estuaries, but they normally frequent fresh water. Relatively sedentary species, spending majority of their time stationary on the bottom or among weeds waiting for prey. Breed in fresh water, as juveniles have been collected from the upper reaches of rivers, including impoundments. Both adults and juveniles have venomous dorsal, anal and pelvic spines and therefore should not be handled (Ref. 44894).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00780 - 0.04657), b=3.03 (2.82 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
