Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes (Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae (Cow sharks)
Etymology: Heptranchias: hept[a] (Gr.), seven; ranchias, etymology unclear, possibly a variant spelling of anchos (Gr.), gill, possibly with the addition of -ias, borrowed from karkharías, ancient Greek for shark (cf. Carcharias Rafinesque 1810), referring to how the seven gill openings extend down onto the throat. (See ETYFish); perlo: From the French vernacular “Le Perlon,” pearl, probably referring to its smooth and grayish (“lisse & grisâtre”) skin. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas batidemersal; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 41394), usually 180 - 450 m (Ref. 45445). Deep-water; 58°N - 58°S, 98°W - 173°W
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas, excluding the northeast Pacific (Ref. 13573). Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba, then from Venezuela to Argentina (Ref. 6871). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Namibia, including the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 247). Indian Ocean: southwestern India, Aldabra Island, southern Mozambique, and South Africa (Ref. 247). Western Pacific: Japan to China, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. Southeast Pacific: off northern Chile (Ref. 247).
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 87.7, range 75 - 98 cm
Max length : 137 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 247); 140.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0; Vértebras: 125 - 161. A narrow-headed, big-eyed small seven-gilled shark (Ref. 247). Body fusiform and slender; dorsal fin small, originating over inner margins of pelvic fins; anal fin small (Ref. 6871). Teeth wide, low and comb-shaped (Ref. 6871). Brownish grey above, paler below, sometimes with indistinct dark blotches on body; juveniles with dark-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, adults with light fin margins (Ref. 5578, 6574, 6871). Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes (Ref. 6871).
Found on the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes in depths of 100 to 400 (Ref. 13573, 11230), also inshore and down to 1,000 m (Ref. 6871, 11230). Feeds on small sharks and rays, small bony fish, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, squid, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 9-12 young born per litter (Ref. 247). Very active and aggressive when captured and quick to bite but too small to be very dangerous to people (Ref. 247). Liver utilized as a source of oil. Maximum length may reach 214 cm, but this is uncertain.
Ovoviviparous, number of young 9 to 20 in a litter (Ref. 247). Size at birth about 25 cm (Ref. 6871). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). No apparent seasonality in its reproduction cycle (Ref.58048).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 4690)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 18.7, mean 12.5 °C (based on 1162 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0781 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00224 (0.00162 - 0.00309), b=3.10 (3.01 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.22 [1.20, 32.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.073, 1.001] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.104, 0.562] g/100g; Selenium = 17.2 [5.4, 50.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.3, 49.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.275 [0.132, 0.524] mg/100g (wet weight);
