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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; गहराई सीमा 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 32°N - 17°N

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Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California. Formerly abundant, now threatened by extinction due to fishing and habitat change (Ref. 27438).

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9118); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 100.0 kg (Ref. 32717); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 24 वर्षो (Ref. 32373)

Found in coastal waters; juveniles in river mouths and near rocky coasts (Ref. 9118). Feed on fishes and shrimps (Ref. 9118).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

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Chao, L.N., 1995. Sciaenidae. Corvinas, barbiches, bombaches, corvinatas, corvinetas, corvinillas, lambes, pescadillas, roncachos, verrugatos. p. 1427-1518. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico Centro-oriental. 3 volumes. 1813 p. (Ref. 9118)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

वेदनीय, आई यु सी ऐन लाल सूची देखें। (VU) (A4bd); Date assessed: 21 August 2020

CITES

Appendix I: International trade banned

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.8 - 26.7, mean 22.5 °C (based on 24 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.3; tm=7; tmax=15).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (94 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 25.1 [13.8, 50.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.624 [0.304, 1.125] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.8, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.305 [0.168, 0.523] g/100g; Selenium = 42.1 [22.0, 85.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.63 [2.09, 23.22] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.362, 0.795] mg/100g (wet weight);

Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)