分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 21°N, 109°E - 134°E (Ref. 189)
Northwest Pacific: Canton north to Ariake Sound, southwestern Japan, including all of Yellow Sea and off western coasts of Korea. Penetrates over 1000 km up the Yangtze River.
西北太平洋: 廣東北至日本西南方的有明海,包括所有黃海與韓國的外海西海岸。 進入超過 1000個公里上游長江。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 24 - 27 cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 189)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 80. Body tapering, belly rounded before pelvic fins, with 16 to 26 + 25 to 36 = 43 to 61 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Maxilla long, reaching to or almost to base of first pectoral fin ray. Pectoral fin with 6 filaments; branched fin rays longer than those of pelvic fin.
身體尖端細的, 腹面圓形的以前腹鰭有 16 到 26+25 到 36=43 到 61個從峽部到肛門的有龍骨的鱗甲。 顎骨長的, 延伸到或幾乎到第一個胸鰭鰭條的基底。 胸鰭有 6個絲狀突起; 分枝的鰭條長度超過腹鰭的。
Occurs in coastal waters, estuaries and reaching up to middle parts of rivers, apparently able to tolerate freshwater (Ref. 189, 11230). Lives in not really clean water but not really turbid water either (Ref. 12218). Goes to the deep water areas of rivers at night (Ref. 12218). Planktivore (Ref. 12218). Spawns around three times in a lifetime and spawning occurs in between reeds (Ref. 12218). In Ariake Sound, Japan it breeds from May to August, the fishes running about 15 km up the Chikugo River and spawning in freshwater, the spherical eggs floating down and hatching near the river mouth. Its relatively large size makes it a more esteemed food fish than most Coilia. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
出現於沿岸水域, 河口而且向上到河的中央部份, 顯然地能容忍淡水.(參考文獻 189,11230) 生活在不真的乾淨水但不是也的真混濁的水。 (參考文獻 12218) 去河的到深水域區域在晚上。 (參考文獻 12218) 浮游生物嗜食者.(參考文獻 12218) 產卵在附近三倍於一生中而且產卵在蘆葦之間.(參考文獻 12218) 在日本的 Ariake Sound ，它繁殖從五月到八月, 游動大約 15 公里的此魚到達 Chikugo 河而且在淡水產卵, 圓球狀的卵漂浮下來而且在河嘴的附近孵化。 它的相當大大小使它成為讚賞食用魚的更多勝於大多數的 Coilia 。 被用於中藥材了。 (參考文獻 12166)
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西北太平洋: 廣東北至日本西南方的有明海,包括所有黃海與韓國的外海西海岸。 進入超過 1000個公里上游長江。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 March 2017
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.3 - 25.2, mean 17.5 °C (based on 218 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00251 (0.00190 - 0.00332), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.35; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
