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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 1 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 32°N - 28°S, 95°E - 173°W
Indo-West Pacific: eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific east to Fiji, Tonga, and the Caroline Islands. This species is included in the Parupeneus trifasciatus complex where Parupeneus trifasciatus is restricted to the Indian Ocean and Parupeneus insularis from the Hawaiian Islands, French Polynesia, and Pitcairn Islands to the Marshalls, Mariana, Phoenix, and Samoa Islands.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 90102)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 8; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 1; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 15-16 (rarely 15). Gill rakers 7-10 + 27-31 (total 35-40). Body depth 2.653.1 in SL (deeper body with growth); head length (HL) 2.8-3.15 in SL; snout length 1.75-1.95 in HL; barbels short, 1.45-1.75 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.4-1.6 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray 1.2-1.5 in length of last dorsal ray; pectoral-fin length 1.25-1.45 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.2-1.4 in HL. Color white, the scale edges yellow or yellowish gray, the posterior edge often enlarged to a distinct yellow spot; upper two-thirds of body with two very large oval black spots, the first centered below anterior spines of first dorsal fin and the second below anterior half or more of second dorsal fin and extending into basal part of fin; a large black spot on head behind and enclosing part of eye, extending diffusely toward comer of mouth; broad outer part of second dorsal and anal fins blue with narrow oblique dark-edged yellow bands; caudal fin streaked with dull blue and yellow; inner rim of iris bright red (Ref. 54393).
Coastal to outer reef habitats. Juveniles usually in shallow surge channels on reef slopes adjacent to drop-offs. Adults usually seen resting on corals on reef crests (Ref. 48636).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 28.9, mean 27.7 °C (based on 350 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00556 - 0.02601), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.9 [15.6, 68.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.297 [0.150, 0.656] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.073, 0.229] g/100g; Selenium = 56.3 [27.5, 127.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 195 [40, 801] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.307, 0.976] mg/100g (wet weight);
