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> Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Balistoides: Latin, balista, -ae = crossbowman + Greek, oides = similar (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 60 m (Ref. 128797). Tropical; 35°N - 26°S, 32°E - 122°W

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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, East Africa eastward through northern Australia reaching to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan.

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 3; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 24 - 26; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 22 - 24. Fish has a deep grove before eye; scaleless area around lips, continuing and narrowing posterior to corner of mouth; small forward-curving spines in about five rows on side of and a short distance anterior to caudal peduncle. Caudal peduncle compressed (Ref. 9770).

Recorded from lagoons, seaward reefs (Ref. 1602) and sheltered inner reef slopes (Ref. 48637). Juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas. Adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of deep lagoon or seaward reefs (Ref. 37816, 48637). Often hostile towards divers and may attack unprovoked when caring for eggs (Ref. 48637). Feed on sea urchins, coral, crabs and other crustaceans, mollusks and tube worms. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Largest triggerfish; females are reported to have attacked divers when guarding their nest (Ref. 2334). Also caught with drive-in nets. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Distinct paring (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Matsuura, Keiichi | Συνεργάτες

Matsuura, K., 2001. Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 January 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 1602)

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1016 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.02062 - 0.05319), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 25.1 [10.4, 57.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.488 [0.251, 1.074] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.3, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0968 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 43.1 [20.9, 90.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.9 [10.7, 136.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.888 [0.604, 1.321] mg/100g (wet weight);

Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)