分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Balistapus: Derived from Latin = ballistare, to throw (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 128797). 热带; 32°N - 32°S, 30°E - 132°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4420) and east to the Line, Marquesan and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
印度-太平洋: 红海南至南非的纳塔尔 (参考文献 4420) 而且东至列岛群岛, 马贵斯群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚的南方。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 15.7, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2334); common length : 26.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450)
背棘 (总数) : 3; 背的软条 (总数) : 24 - 27; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 20 - 24. This species is distinguished by the following characters: front of eye without the elongate groove; enlarged scales above the pectoral-fin base and just behind the gill opening to form a flexible tympanum; the scales of the caudal peduncle with 2 longitudinal rows of large anterior-projecting spines; the slightly rounded caudal fin with compressed peduncle; head and body colour green to brown with diagonally curved orange lines and a large round black blotch covering most of the caudal-fin base; rays of soft dorsal, anal and pectoral fins orange and also the caudal fin (Ref. 10920, 9770).
鳞片在上面胸鳍基底增大了而且在鳃裂正后方形成一个柔韧有弹性的鼓膜; 鳞片尾梗有 2根纵列的大向前突出的棘。 在眼睛前面中的没有凹槽。 尾柄扁长形的。 颜色: 深绿色的到深褐色的有斜弯曲的橘色线在后部的头部与身体; 一个狭窄蓝色与橘色的斑纹斜纹从嘴巴的周围到在胸鳍之下; 肉梗的棘周围的一个大的圆黑色的斑块; 软背鳍、臀鳍与胸鳍的鳍条橘色的; 尾鳍橘色的.(参考文献 9770)
Adults which are territorial in nature occur in coral-rich areas of deep lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 50 meters (Ref. 48637). They feed on a variety of benthic organisms such as algae, echinoderms, fishes, mollusks, tunicates, sponges, and hydrozoans. Eggs are laid as one cluster in a shallow excavation on sand or rubble along channels. (Ref. 1602). Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).
出现于深舄湖与临海礁石的珊瑚丰富的区域从低浪花区到至少 50 公尺, 参考文献 48637. 吃多种底栖的生物例如藻类，棘皮动物，鱼，软件动物，被囊类，海绵与水螅虫。 有一个领域性本能。 在沙子上的一个水浅的洞穴中卵产成一簇或者沿着峡道的碎石。 (参考文献 1602). 在市场上销售生鲜或干渍了。 (参考文献 9770)
Spawning behaviour may involve loose aggregations and nesting occurs in channels. The eggs are laid in a single spongy cluster in a shallow excavation in rubble or sand. Hatching occurs at night (Ref. 37816). Nests are guarded by one or at times two adults (Ref. 9778).印度-太平洋: 红海南至南非的纳塔尔 (参考文献 4420) 而且东至列岛群岛, 马贵斯群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚的南方。
Matsuura, K., 2001. Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1034 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03548 (0.02121 - 0.05935), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.5 [19.1, 112.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.609 [0.316, 1.378] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.3, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.060, 0.227] g/100g; Selenium = 34.2 [17.9, 70.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 56.4 [16.5, 196.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.73, 1.59] mg/100g (wet weight);
