分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Bennett.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 120 m (Ref. 89972). 热带; 30°N - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Hawaii and the Line, Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands.
印度-太平洋: 东非到夏威夷与列岛群岛, 马可萨斯岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至琉球群岛, 南至罗得豪岛与拉帕群岛。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大体重: 906.00 g (Ref. 4887)
背棘 (总数) : 8; 背的软条 (总数) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 7; 脊椎骨: 24. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 6-8 + 21-25 (total 28-32). Body depth 3.45-3.95 in SL; head length (HL) 2.85-3.1 in SL; dorsal profile of snout straight to slightly convex, the snout length 1.7-2.05 in HL; barbel length 1.3-1.55 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.4-1.7 in HL; last dorsal soft ray of adults longer than penultimate ray, the latter contained 1.1-1.25 in length of the former; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes straight to slightly convex; pectoral-fin length 1.3-1.5 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.25-1.45 in HL. Body pinkish to yellowish gray, the scale edges narrowly dark, with a black spot about 3-4 scales in width on lateral line below posterior part of first dorsal fin, followed by a large pale pink to white spot; a blue spot often present on each scale above lateral line, always present posteriorly; pale blue spots, one per scale, ventrally on body, but often not visible; short blue lines radiating from eye except ventrally; barbels pale pink to white; basal third of second dorsal fin with a broad black or blackish band or a large black spot, sometimes extending onto adjacent back, the outer part of fin with narrow blue and yellow bands; anal fin with faint pale blue and yellow bands; remaining fins varying from yellowish gray to light red (Ref. 54393).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 16.(很少地 15 或 17) 鳃耙 6-8+21-25.(总数 28-32) 体高 3.45-3.95 分之一标准体长; 头长 (HL)2.85-3.1 分之一标准体长; 吻直线的背面轮廓到些微中凸, 吻部长度 1.7-2.05个 HL比率; 触须长度 1.3-1.55个 HL比率; 长的背棘 1.4-1.7个 HL比率; 成鱼的最后背部软鳍条长度超过倒数第二的鳍条, 后者包含了先前者的 1.1-1.25个长; 尾鳍叶直线的后缘到些微中凸; 胸鳍长度 1.3-1.5个 HL比率; 腹鰭長度 1.25-1.45個 HL比率。 身體桃紅色的到黃灰色的, 鱗片邊緣狹窄深色, 在被跟隨著一個大的白粉紅色的到白色斑點的第一背鰭的較後面的部分之下在側線上寬度具有一個黑色的斑點大約 3-4個鱗片; 一個藍色的斑點時常位於每個鱗片之上在側線上面, 總是在後部地呈現; 藍灰色斑點, 一每鱗片, 腹地在身體上, 但是時常看不見的; 短的藍色線從眼放射除了腹地之外; 觸鬚白粉紅色的到白色; 基部的第二背鰭鰭中的第三具有一個寬的黑色或者黑色的條紋或者一個大的黑色斑點, 有時延伸到毗連的背面, 鰭的外部部份有狹窄的藍色與黃色的條紋; 臀鰭有模糊的藍灰色與黃色的條紋; 剩餘的鰭改變從黃灰色的到淡紅色.(參考文獻 54393)
Primarily an insular species (Ref. 30573). Usually solitary, it occurs in seagrass beds (Ref. 41878) as well as over sand, rubble, or coral and rock bottoms of shallow lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of at least 46 m (Ref. 30874). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on benthic animals like crabs, polychaetes and other worms during the day (Ref. 30874), also shrimps, heart urchins, gastropods, pelecypods, foraminiferans, brittle stars, and fishes (Ref. 37816).
主要地一个岛屿鱼种 (参考文献 30573) 通常独居性的, 它出现于海草床中以及超过舄湖浅滩的沙子，碎石或珊瑚与石质底部与临海礁石到深度至少 46 公尺。 吃底栖的动物如螃蟹，多毛类动物与其他的蠕虫在白天期间 (参考文献 30874), 也捕食虾，心形海胆，腹足动物，斧足类，有孔虫，海星与鱼 .(参考文献 37816)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 东非到夏威夷与列岛群岛, 马可萨斯岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至琉球群岛, 南至罗得豪岛与拉帕群岛。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1504 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00556 - 0.02601), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34 [17, 75] mg/100g; Iron = 0.313 [0.159, 0.686] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [14.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.075, 0.243] g/100g; Selenium = 60.6 [29.3, 142.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 192 [39, 808] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.542 [0.328, 1.028] mg/100g (wet weight);
