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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Hymenocephalus: Named for its transparent membrane-like head covering (‘‘hymen head’’) and fragile nature of head bones (Ref. 100825).
More on author: Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม กลุ่มสัตว์หน้าดิน,กลุ่มสัตว์พื้นท้องน้ำ; ระดับความลึก 340 - 1348 m (Ref. 58302). Deep-water
Widespread but patchy and discontinuous. Atlantic: Caribbean and continental slope of northern South America. Pacific: off subtropical western and eastern Australia, several islands in the southern Pacific (New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, Marquesas Islands), and off Hawaii. Not recorded from eastern Atlantic nor Indian Ocean.
ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 37108)
This species is distinguished by the following characters: a black-colored large-headed fish, with head size 21-25% TL; pelvic fin rays 13-14; pectoral fin rays 13-16; projecting snout, 20-24% HL; head bones are papery thin and often distorted; no barbel; small orbit diameter, 20-24% HL; interorbital width 60-70% HW; infraorbital width 20-25% HL; postorbital-preopercular interspace 10-14% HL; preopercular supporter is very small and forked; gill rakers 21-25; ventral striae reaching to about ? from pelvic fin bases to periproct; small otolith with rounded outline, no predorsal lobe developed; colliculi separated; otholith length to height (OL:OH), 1.0-1.2; total colliculum length to pseudocolliculum length (TCL:PCL) is 2.2-2.8 (Ref. 98298).
Found on the continental slope (Ref. 75154). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | การสืบพันธุ์ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ตัวอ่อน
Cohen, D.M., A.W. Ebeling, T. Iwamoto, S.B. McDowell, N.B. Marshall, D.E. Rosen, P. Sonoda, W.H. Weed III and L.P. Woods, 1973. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part six. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 37108)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
เครื่องมือ
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.1 - 10.2, mean 7.1 °C (based on 622 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00111 - 0.00431), b=3.20 (3.03 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ขนาดกลาง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 1.4 - 4.4 ปี (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
