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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Fowler.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water; diepte 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 25°N - 14°N, 165°W - 143°W (Ref. 189)

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Eastern Central Pacific: endemic to Hawaii, but its use as a baitfish may spread its range.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.5 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 189)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 13 - 15. Most specimens without pre-pelvic scutes, but some with 1 to 5 thin needle-like scutes. Maxilla tip blunt, reaching to front border of pre-operculum, but scarcely projecting beyond second supra-maxilla. Isthmus short, preceded by a small fleshy plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Anal fin short, its origin behind base of last dorsal fin ray.

Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). A schooling species living close inshore and entering bays, inlets, estuaries, canals and even penetrating into fish ponds, thus able to tolerate a wide range of salinities. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustacean larvae. Breeds throughout the year, with a peak in summer, spawning at night (between 2200 and 0200 hours) in bays and estuaries (Ref. 189).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Spawn in bays and estuaries in school (Ref. 205). Spawning is said to be continuous throughout the season (Ref. 32412, 40290).

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Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; aas: usually

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25 - 25.6, mean 25.3 °C (based on 32 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00544 - 0.01757), b=3.20 (3.04 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.30 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=1.7).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Encrasicholina purpurea (Fowler, 1900)