Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade ? - 150 m. Subtropical; 28°S -
Western Indian Ocean: South Africa.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4387)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 11 - 14; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 11 - 13.
Found in coastal waters down at a depth of about 150 m. Adults found near reefs, juveniles found near floating objects. Feed on benthic invertebrates and algae (Ref. 5213). May live longer than 10 years. Spawning occurs throughout the year (Ref. 57746). Rarely hooked but easily speared (Ref. 4387).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (tmax > 10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.4 [8.6, 35.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.294, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.083, 0.264] g/100g; Selenium = 26.6 [12.9, 56.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.8 [3.5, 62.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.602 [0.387, 0.917] mg/100g (wet weight);