Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino benthopelagico. Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean: Transkei, South Africa to Madagascar but reported as far south as Still Bay (west of Mossel Bay), South Africa.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5213); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6082); peso massimo pubblicato: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4370)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 21 - 23; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 14.
Found in coastal waters and rivers. Feeds on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Flesh of excellent quality (Ref. 6082).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00673 - 0.04093), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
