分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 20 m (Ref. 114953). 亞熱帶的
Northwest Pacific: restricted to southern Japan.
西北太平洋: 伊豆半島，日本的太平洋海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.8 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 34976)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 7445). Almost with certainty to occur deeper than 20 m (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
出现于沿岸浅水区。 (参考文献 7445) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西北太平洋: 伊豆半島，日本的太平洋海岸。
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.2 - 24.8, mean 21.3 °C (based on 62 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
