Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 0 - 132 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 37°N - 38°S, 20°E - 70°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Rapa and Easter Island, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Zealand (Ref. 5755). Eastern Central Pacific: Mexico to Panama, including offshore islands (Ref. 9301). First record in the Mediterranean was reported (Ref. 36327), and from several countries as of late year 2010. Often misidentified as Fistularia petimba, a reddish or brownish-orange deep-water species with bony plates along dorsal midline.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 65.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9301); common length : 100.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9301)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 14 - 17; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 14 - 16; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 83 - 86. Vertically flattened rather than laterally compressed body. Long whiplike tail filament. Color is green dorsally, grading to silvery white ventrally, with two blue stripes or rows of blue spots on the back. Dorsal and anal fin orange becoming transparent at base. Caudal filament white. Broadly banded at night (Ref. 48635). First four vertebrae fused (Ref. 9826). Branchiostegal rays: 5 (Ref. 36710).
Adults inhabit reef habitats to a depth of at least 128 m, except in heavy surge areas. Also found in sandy bottoms adjacent to reef areas (Ref. 36710), either solitary or in schools (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on small fishes, shrimps (Ref. 36327, 36710) and squids (Ref. 37816). Probably marketed fresh, salted or dried or smoked but more often reduced to fish meal (Ref. 9301).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 130160)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; जलजीवालय: व्यापारिक
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22 - 28.9, mean 27.5 °C (based on 1674 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00129 (0.00092 - 0.00181), b=3.00 (2.91 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.7 [16.6, 62.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.71 [0.38, 1.40] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.101 [0.050, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 93.7 [47.8, 203.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.6 [8.1, 70.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.712 [0.467, 1.100] mg/100g (wet weight);
