分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Mormyrus: Greek, mormyros = a fish (Sparus sp) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Peters.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游. 熱帶; 11°S - 21°S
Africa: lower and middle Zambezi, Buzi, Pungwe (Ref. 52193), lower Sabi and Ludi Rivers (Ref. 42505), Luapula-Moero-Bangwelo (Zambian Congo system) (Ref. 42505, 52193). Also known from the Ruvuma and Rufiji rivers in Tanzania (Ref. 7248, 52193), lakes Malawi, Tanganyika (Ref. 4967, 52193) and Rukwa, and other eastward flowing rivers in Tanzania (Ref. 4967).
非洲: 三比河下游與中游, Sabi 下游與 Ludi 河, Luapula-Moero-Bangwelo 的系統; 包括馬拉威湖 (Nyassa) ，魯誇與坦噶尼喀。 在坦尚尼亞也已知來自尚比亞-剛果河流域 , 與 Ruvuma 與 Rufiji 河。 (參考文獻 7248)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 34.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52193); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 65 - 75; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 19. Diagnosis: dorsal fin greater than twice the length of anal fin; dorsal origin nearer tip of snout than caudal fin base; snout 2-2.5 times in head length; caudal peduncle less than 4 times in standard length (Ref. 52193).
Found in caves and muddy areas, also hides among weeds (Ref. 13337). Favours quiet deep water with a soft muddy bottom (Ref. 52193). Forms shoals (Ref. 13337, 52193). Feeds on weeds (Ref. 5595) and insects but may also feed on small fishes (Ref. 5595, 52193) and fish eggs (Ref. 52193), blood worms (Ref. 13337), small crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 13337, 52193). Active mainly at night; breeds during the rainy season, moving upstream in rivers after flood spates have receded (Ref. 52193). Migrations appears to occur at irregular interval as this fish is not a powerful swimmer and would not be able to cope with very high water current (Ref. 13337). Females carry 10,000-70,000 eggs; can give a mild shock when caught (Ref. 7248, 52193).
發現於洞穴與泥濘的區域了, 也躲在雜草中。 淺水型.(參考文獻 13337) 吃昆蟲，而且雜草也但是可能吃小魚 (參考文獻 5595) ，血液蠕蟲，小型甲殼動物與軟體動物.(參考文獻 13337) 主要在晚上活動。 在雨季期間進行繁殖, 在河中向上游移動在洪水消退後。 迴游似乎在不規則的間隔出現由於此魚種不是一個有力的游泳者而且將不是能應付非常強的水流.(參考文獻 13337) 母魚抱卵 10,000-70,000個卵。 能給一個溫和的驚嚇當被捕捉時.(參考文獻 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 三比河下游與中游, Sabi 下游與 Ludi 河, Luapula-Moero-Bangwelo 的系統; 包括馬拉威湖 (Nyassa) ，魯誇與坦噶尼喀。 在坦尚尼亞也已知來自尚比亞-剛果河流域 , 與 Ruvuma 與 Rufiji 河。 (參考文獻 7248)
Gosse, J.-P., 1984. Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00707 - 0.02348), b=2.88 (2.72 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
