Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten; djupintervall 0 - ? m. Subtropical
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and throughout the Gulf of Mexico to Yucatán, Mexico.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.9 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 118196)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12 - 17; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 14 - 18. Tan green dorsally, silvery laterally, fleshy tip of lower jaw red (Ref. 27549).
Found inshore, over sandy, vegetated areas (Ref. 27549). Schooling species (Ref. 27549). Feeds on algae and small organisms (Ref. 27549). Used as baitfish where abundant (Ref. 27549). Caught with dip nets (Ref. 27549).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick, 1997. Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. (Ref. 27549)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Bete: usually
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.9 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 496 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).