分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 34°N - 36°S, 99°E - 174°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: southern Japan to southern Queensland and east to Fiji and the islands of Micronesia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Record from Western Australia in the Indian Ocean is dubious. Replaced by Epinephelus flavocaeruleus in the Indian Ocean (Ref. 37816).
西太平洋: 日本南部到昆士蘭南部而且東至斐濟與密克羅尼西亞的島嶼。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797) 在印度洋的來自西澳大利亞的記錄是可疑的。 在印度洋被 黃鰭石斑魚〔Epinephelus flavocaeruleus〕 取代了。 (參考文獻 37816)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 64 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4787); 最大體重: 17.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Juveniles are mostly yellow becoming gray with dark spots anteriorly. The gray area increases with increasing size until only the fins remain yellow on individuals of 15 to 20 cm (Ref. 37816).
稚魚是前面地灰色的有深色的斑點的大部份黃色變成。 灰色的區域隨著體型大小增大而增加，直到只有鰭一直是 15 到 20 公分的黃色個體。 (參考文獻 37816)
Usually found around isolated coral heads in lagoons or bays, but also caught on outer reef area. According to Myers (1989, Ref. 4538) it usually swims out in the open, several meters above the bottom. It is readily caught by anglers at night. Feeds mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans such as snake eels and box crabs. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
通常發現於鄰近潟湖或者海灣的孤立的珊瑚頂部, 也在外圍礁石區域上面捕獲。 通常根據 Myer(1989, 參考文獻 4538) 它游到外面, 在底部上面的數公尺。 輕易地它是被垂釣者捕獲在晚上。 主要吃棲息於砂中的魚與甲殼動物例如蛇鰻與盒子螃蟹。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 日本南部到昆士蘭南部而且東至斐濟與密克羅尼西亞的島嶼。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797) 在印度洋的來自西澳大利亞的記錄是可疑的。 在印度洋被 黃鰭石斑魚〔Epinephelus flavocaeruleus〕 取代了。 (參考文獻 37816)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00702 - 0.01794), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.1 [7.2, 34.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.448 [0.226, 0.897] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.067, 0.188] g/100g; Selenium = 51 [27, 103] μg/100g; VitaminA = 192 [50, 735] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.956 [0.646, 1.371] mg/100g (wet weight);
