Issue
No recent species description, but see Weitzman et al. (1988) & Menezes & Weitzman (1990) for identification and relationships. See Burns et al. (1995) for evidence of insemination. See Nelson (1964a) for discussion of courtship behavior.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού βενθοπελαγικό. Tropical; 18°C - 23°C (Ref. 2059)
South America: usually in clear coastal streams from southern Bahia to northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Also found in some areas of the high Iguaçu River (Ref. 84543).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 2.8, range 3 - 3 cm
Max length : 6.1 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 38597)
Inhabit small to moderate-sized streams or rivers (Ref. 30267). Aquarium specimens reach 9.0 cm TL (Ref. 30267). Mature females keep live sperm cells in their ovary through insemination which occurs during the dry season (Ref. 84543). Spawning period coincides with the rainy season to ensure increased survival of offsprings (Ref. 84543).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Burns, J.R., S.H. Weitzman, K.R. Lange and L.R. Malabarba, 1998. Sperm ultrastructure in Characid fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). p. 235-244. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. (Ref. 34096)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00594 - 0.02219), b=2.92 (2.75 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).