分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335); straeleni: Named after V. Van Straelen, director of IRSNB, Belgium (Ref. 377).
More on author: Poll.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 80 - 800 m (Ref. 11284), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 26999). 熱帶; 15°N - 30°S
Eastern Atlantic: Rio de Oro, Western Sahara to South Africa.
東大西洋: 里奧德奧羅，西撒哈拉到南非。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 67.0 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 377); 最大体重: 1.4 kg
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
A black-spotted skate with a blunt, angular snout, a long, stout tail, and a broad angular disc; strong thorns on upper surface of disc and tail at all stages, sometimes on underside in large individuals (Ref. 5578). Brown to grey dorsally, with small to large black spots, whorls and blotches; many with gold and black, traversely oblong eyespot on each pectoral base; white ventrally with no dark pores (Ref. 5578). Juveniles have no dark spots above (Ref. 2708).
一个有黑色斑点的 鱼具有一个钝的, 有角的吻，一个长又矮胖的尾部 , 与一个宽的有角体盘; 在体盘上表面与尾部上的强的刺根本阶段, 有时在下面上较大时个体.(参考文献 5578) 褐色到灰色的背面, 藉由小型到大型的黑色斑点，螺纹与斑块; 大多有黄金与黑色, 在每个胸鳍基底上的横跨长方形眼斑; 腹侧白色的没有深色的孔.(参考文献 5578) 稚鱼背面没有深色斑点.(参考文献 2708)
Found in shallow enclosed bays and on the slope (Ref. 5578). Feeds on invertebrates, bony fishes and fish offal. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Caught by shore and ski-boat anglers and by hake trawlers. Pectoral fins sold as 'skate wings' (Ref. 5578). Undergoes regular migration, towards the coast during the warm season and towards deep waters in winter (Ref. 5377).
发现于封闭的浅水湾了与在斜坡上.(参考文献 5578) 吃无脊椎动物，硬骨鱼类与鱼碎肉。 卵生的.(参考文献 50449) 卵有在贝壳上的像触角一样的突出。 (参考文献 205) 被海岸与雪橇船垂钓者捕获了与藉着鳕鱼底拖网。 胸鳍卖作了 ' 划水的翼' 。 (参考文献 5578) 历经一般的迁移, 在温暖的季节期间向海岸与向深的水域冬天时.(参考文献 5377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 里奧德奧羅，西撒哈拉到南非。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.2 - 15.7, mean 12.3 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00228 - 0.00578), b=3.21 (3.08 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
