分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m, usually 100 - 500 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 3°C - 7°C (Ref. 35388); 79°N - 39°N, 75°W - 71°E
Eastern Atlantic: Kattegat and North Sea, northward to Spitsbergen, southern part of Barents Sea eastward to Kanin Banks and Novaya Zemlya, rare in White Sea, Iceland and eastern Greenland. Western Atlantic: Greenland and southeastern Labrador in Canada to New Jersey in USA (Ref. 7251).
東大西洋: Kattegat 與北海, 向北至斯匹次卑爾根群島，巴倫支海向東至 Kanin 淺堆與新地島的南部, 稀有的在白海, 冰島與格陵蘭東部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的格陵蘭與東南方的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 38.9, range 38 - 41 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4570); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4570); 最大体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 60 年 (Ref. 35388)
Found off the coast from 100-1000 m; juveniles found in fjords, bays and inshore waters. Normally trawled in deep water (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Feed mostly on euphausiids in summer; herrings in autumn and winter; capelins, herrings, euphausiids and ctenophores in spring. Gregarious throughout life. A slow growing species (Ref. 9988). Ovoviviparous, gonads of male and female do not mature at the same time. The spermatozoa are kept in the ovary of the female after copulation until such time that the eggs ripen paving the way for fertilization (Ref. 74488). Copulation takes place in late summer or early autumn (Ref. 35388, 34817); in winter females give birth to 50,000-350,000 pelagic larvae of 8 mm length (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
发现在来自 100-1000 公尺的海岸外; 稚鱼发现于峡湾，海湾与近岸水域了。 通常在深水中拖网捕获。 (参考文献 9988) 在夏天大部分吃磷虾; 秋天与冬天时的鲱鱼; 在春天的 capelins ，鲱鱼，磷虾与栉水母。 群居的整个生命期。 一个慢的增加种.(参考文献 9988) 胎生的, 连结发生于夏末或初秋;(参考文献 35388,34817) 雌性对 50,000-350,000个大洋性 8 mm 长度的仔鱼生产冬天时。 (参考文献 35388) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 油炸后食用, 火烤了, 微波了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988)
Gonads of male and female do not mature at the same time. The spermatozoa are kept in the ovary of the female after copulation until such time that the eggs ripen paving the way for fertilisation (Ref. 74488). Gives birth to 50,000-350,000 pelagic larvae of 8 mm length (Ref. 35388).東大西洋: Kattegat 與北海, 向北至斯匹次卑爾根群島，巴倫支海向東至 Kanin 淺堆與新地島的南部, 稀有的在白海, 冰島與格陵蘭東部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的格陵蘭與東南方的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)
Fernholm, B. and A. Wheeler, 1983. Linnaean fish specimens in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 78(3):199-286. (Ref. 83993)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 9.3, mean 3.7 °C (based on 1514 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00638 - 0.02986), b=3.04 (2.86 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.23; K=0.06-0.08; tm=10-12; tmax=60; Fec= 19,000-350,000).
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.45, Based on 5 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.3 [5.5, 33.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.23 [0.10, 0.51] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 1.29 [0.51, 3.25] g/100g; Selenium = 44.8 [19.0, 116.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.7 [6.3, 68.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.342 [0.187, 0.613] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
