>
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Polydactylus: Greek, poly = a lot of + greek, daktylos = finger (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 15 - 55 m (Ref. 10799). Tropical; 22°N - 5°S, 26°W - 13°E (Ref. 57343)
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 57402). Also reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 57402); common length : 150 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3659); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 75.0 kg (Ref. 7386)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12 - 13; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 11 - 12. Diagnosis: pectoral fin with 4 threadlike filaments (Ref. 57402, 81658). Pectoral fin inserted very low on body, generally somewhat longer than upper part of fin (Ref. 57402).
Occurs in shallow coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms, sometimes in brackish habitats (Ref. 57343, 81658). Enters estuaries (Ref. 57402), occasionally caught in fresh water (Ref. 57402, 81658). Very large specimens are only found in marine waters (Ref. 81658). Feeds on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 10799, 81658). Flesh fairly tasteful (Ref. 57402).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Motomura, H., 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. Rome: FAO. 3:117 p. (Ref. 57343)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28, mean 26 °C (based on 48 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00510 - 0.00855), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.34-0.41; assuming tm=3-4).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 59.4 [32.4, 109.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.818 [0.418, 1.451] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.5, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.213 [0.132, 0.349] g/100g; Selenium = 79.1 [38.5, 162.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.04 [2.46, 14.30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.742 [0.514, 1.115] mg/100g (wet weight);