分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Ariidae (Sea catfishes)
海鯰科 (Sea catfishes) > Ariinae
Etymology: Carlarius: First part of the generic name honors Dr. Carl Ferraris, Research Associate at the California Academy of Sciences for his contribution to the knowledge of Siluriformes fishes and continuous support and encouragement throughout the development of this work; the second part is from the frequently used generic name Arius.
Eponymy: Nobody knows who Park – or perhaps, Parke – was. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 80 m (Ref. 6541). 熱帶
Eastern Atlantic: commonly caught in coastal sea-waters from Cap Blanc (Mauritania) to Angola (Ref. 57224). Sporadically to Spanish Sahara and Morocco; enters estuaries and freshwater of rivers (Ref. 3876).
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬到安哥拉; 偶而對西班牙的撒哈拉與摩洛哥。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57224); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683)
背棘 (總數) : 2; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7; 臀棘: 0. Diagnosis: body elongated and rounded; head broad and only slightly flattened above; snout rounded; mouth inferior; maxillary barbels reaching to pectoral fin bases, mandibular ones being shorter: osseous head shield, coarsely rugose, fairly visible through the skin (Ref. 57224). Occipital process moderately broad at base, tapering towards its distal end, with a median keel (Ref. 2683, 57224). Predorsal plate very rugose, short and crescent-shaped; premaxillary teeth villiform forming a plate slightly curved (Ref. 57224). Palatal teeth in single pair of rounded patches, well separated by a space smaller than their diameter (Ref. 57224, 81640). No gill-rakers on the posterior face of the 1st and 2nd arches (Ref. 57224). Total number of anterior gill-rakers on 1st arch: 11-14 (Ref. 57224, 81640). 11-15 gill rakers on the outer side of the entire 2nd arch (Ref. 81640). Dorsal fin short with a long, osseous serrated spine preceded by a very short one; dorsal and pectoral fins with a strong serrated, erectile spine; adipose fin well developed; caudal fin forked with long pointed lobes (Ref. 57224).
Coloration: olive brown above, belly whitish (Ref. 57224).
廣闊地和中央的龍骨脊的後頭骨上方突起的基底。
Marine species commonly found along the continental coast; often entering adjacent estuaries and freshwater rivers (Ref. 3876). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Males practise buccal incubation (Ref. 57224). Dorsal and pectoral serrated spines are venomous and can cause very painful wounds (Ref. 43448).
海洋的種通常發現沿著大陸沿岸; 時常進入毗連的河口與淡水水域河。 (參考文獻 3876) 吃魚與蝦。 (參考文獻 28587)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬到安哥拉; 偶而對西班牙的撒哈拉與摩洛哥。
Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 January 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.7 - 20.4, mean 19.3 °C (based on 15 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00523 - 0.01518), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.17).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
