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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharus: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Validity of genus unclear.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte ? - 300 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; - 23°S

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Eastern Atlantic: off northwestern Africa south to 23°S; also in the Mediterranean.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.7 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 107756); common length : 15.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397)

Adults inhabit soft bottoms from the coastline to about 300 m depth, but rarely caught at depths greater than 200 m (Ref. 9537). They feed on small fish and crustaceans (Ref. 231).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medewerkers

Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Citharidae. p. 1025. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6500)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.8 - 19.5, mean 15.2 °C (based on 256 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00469 - 0.00740), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.26-0.30).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (7 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 75.9 [39.8, 172.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.942 [0.441, 1.710] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.3, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.308 [0.137, 0.594] g/100g; Selenium = 31.7 [17.1, 65.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.7 [4.7, 44.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.659 [0.460, 0.937] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758)