Issue
Genetic data indicate the presence of cryptic species with partial parapatric distribution. The species Paniliza macrolepis may be limited to West Indian Ocean lineages (Durand & Borsa (2015: Ref. 114224).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; دريا كوچ (Ref. 46888); تغييرات عمق 10 - ? m (Ref. 40448). Tropical; 32°N - 35°S, 22°E - 136°W
Indo-Pacific: east coast of Africa, south to Eastern Cape in South Africa (Ref. 52193), including Madagascar, Seychelles, Rodriguez; north to Sri Lanka and India (except Bay of Bengal), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, east to Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Japan, Marshall and Tuamoto islands, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 2830). Distribution includes the Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 66734).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 23.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4967); common length : 26.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4967); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 6 سال ها (Ref. 127264)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 4 - 5; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 8 - 9; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 10.
Occur in shallow coastal waters, and from brackish water to freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Form schools (Ref. 40448); in larger aggregations during spawning, which takes place at sea (Ref. 2830). Feed on small algae, diatoms, forams, benthic polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, organic matter and detritus; fry feed on copepods and floating algae (Ref. 40448). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Caught mainly during the spawning season and is sold fresh; the roe is highly appreciated.
Nakabo, T., 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01051 - 0.01579), b=2.93 (2.90 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.17 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 138 [59, 322] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.51, 2.31] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.25 [0.12, 0.56] g/100g; Selenium = 38.3 [18.7, 89.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.8, 58.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.69 [1.14, 2.55] mg/100g (wet weight);
