分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Smiliogastrinae
Etymology: Hampala: Local name from Java; in Van Hasselt, "Poissons of Java", 1823.
More on authors: Kuhl & VanHasselt.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 25°C (Ref. 2059)
Asia: Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, Malay Peninsula and Indonesia.
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島與印尼。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2686); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12693)
背的软条 (总数) : 11; 臀鳍软条: 8. Has a black bar between the dorsal and pelvic fins in adults; orange to red caudal fin with a black longitudinal, marginal stripe along each lobe; juveniles usually with an additional vertical bar on the caudal peduncle (Ref. 27732); juveniles with black teardrop-shaped marking on cheek; barbel always longer than eye width (Ref. 12693). Eyes located in upper-side of head; with a vertical groove reaching behind mouth in isthmus; branchial membranes connected and free (Ref. 45536).
有一个在背部与腹鳍之间的黑色横带当成鱼时; 橘色的对红色尾鳍有一条黑色的纵向又边缘的斑纹沿着每个叶; 稚鱼在尾梗上通常有一个附加的纵带;(参考文献 27732) 稚鱼有黑色的泪滴-在颊上的形状斑纹; 触须总是长度超过眼宽度.(参考文献 12693) 眼位于了头部的上侧面; 具有一个在峡部达到在后嘴的垂直的凹槽; 鳃盖膜连接了而且分离。 (参考文献 45536)
Occurs mainly in clear rivers or streams with running water and sandy to muddy bottoms (Ref. 4832). Found in most water bodies, except small creeks, torrents, and shallow swamps (Ref. 27732, 57235). A migratory species (Ref. 37772). Enters flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Abundant in the Mekong and in the Nam Ngum Reservoir. Found in the basin-wide tributary of the lower Mekong (Ref. 36667). Largest individual believed to be in a pool below the Chendoroh Dam in Perah, Malaysia. A predatory fish: adults mainly piscivorous in Zoo Negara Lake, Malaysia, but in Saguling Reservoir, West Java, 74 % of the diet consists of aquatic insects. Breeds throughout the rainy season (Ref. 12693). Good fish though bony. May be made into `Lap pa'. Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693). Commonly seen in markets; economic important foodfish (Ref. 57235).
用流动的水与砂质或泥质底部主要生活在清澈的河或溪流。 (参考文献 4832) 除了小溪，奔流与浅滩沼泽以外, 发现于大多数的水体了。 (参考文献 27732,57235) 一个回游的种.(参考文献 37772) 进入被水淹没的森林。 (参考文献 9497) 丰富的在湄公河与老挝河水库。 发现于下面湄公河的整个流域支流了。 (参考文献 36667) 在一个水池中被相信到的大的个体在 Perah ，马来西亚是在 Chendoroh 水坝之下。 一个掠食性的鱼: 成鱼主要以鱼为食的在动物园 Negara 湖，馬來西亞, 但是在 Saguling 水庫，爪哇西方部， 74% 的食性由水生昆蟲組成。 繁殖貫穿整個雨季。 (參考文獻 12693) 好魚雖然多骨。 可能是製成lap pa'. 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 12693) 常見於市場; 經濟的重要食用魚.(參考文獻 57235)
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島與印尼。
Roberts, T.R., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 14:210 p. (Ref. 2091)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00934 - 0.01348), b=2.99 (2.94 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.68; Fec=7,132).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [79, 276] mg/100g; Iron = 1.72 [1.04, 2.76] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.537 [0.225, 1.290] g/100g; Selenium = 82 [34, 175] μg/100g; VitaminA = 61.9 [20.4, 194.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.78, 1.62] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
