Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 388 m (Ref. 58426). Temperate; ? - 10°C (Ref. 35432); 63°N - 37°N, 80°W - 43°W
Northwest Atlantic: Labrador, Canada to Delaware, USA.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 28.8  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); publicerad maxvikt: 5.4 kg (Ref. 4926); rapporterad maxålder: 18 år (Ref. 796)
Benthic; feeds on worms, crustaceans, molluscs, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (Ref. 58426).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Eggs are laid in gelatinous masses guarded by one or both parents until hatching (Ref. 35432). However, more recent evidence suggests that care is provided by the female alone (Ref. 104883).
Anderson, M.E., 1994. Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 60:120 p. (Ref. 11954)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 0.4 - 9.5, mean 3 °C (based on 227 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00186 (0.00120 - 0.00290), b=3.20 (3.07 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 14.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.08-0.11; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.14, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21 [13, 34] mg/100g; Iron = 0.251 [0.157, 0.407] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.436 [0.268, 0.701] g/100g; Selenium = 21.5 [11.0, 41.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.16 [3.35, 25.13] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.342, 0.634] mg/100g (wet weight);