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Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820

Fathead minnow
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Pimephales promelas
Male picture by Divino, J.N.

Classification / Names প্রচলিত নাম সমূহ | প্রতিনাম সমূহ | Catalog of Fishes(গণ , প্রজাতি ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pogonichthyinae
Etymology: Pimephales: Greek, pimeles, -es = fat + Greek, phales = whale; if the root is Greek, phales, -etos = penis (Ref. 45335);  promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range বাস্তুসংস্থান

; স্বাদু পানি তলদেশ বিহারী. Subtropical; 0°C - 33°C (Ref. 35682); 61°N - 29°N

বিতরণ দেশ সমূহ | এফ এ ও এলাকাসমূহ | বাস্তুতন্ত্র | দৃষ্টিগোচর | Point map | প্রচলন | Faunafri

North and Central America: Over much of North America from Quebec to Northwest Territories and British Columbia in Canada and south to Alabama, Texas in USA, and Mexico. Widely introduced, including in Colorado River drainage in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. Not present on Atlantic and Gulf slopes between Potomac River in Virginia and Trinity River in Texas. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

আকৃতি / ওজন / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.1 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 10294); common length : 7.3 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 12193); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 5 বৎসর (Ref. 58435)

Short description সনাক্তকারী নির্দেশক | বহিঃ অঙ্গ সংস্থান | মরফোমেট্রিক্স

পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 0; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 8; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 0; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 7. The only species of genus introduced to Europe which differs from other cyprinid species in Europe by the following characters: prominent pad of spongy tissue on nape in males; dorsal fin origin about above pelvic fin origin; anal fin with 7½ branched rays; second simple dorsal ray spinous, about 50% length of the third one; lateral line incomplete, usually not reaching dorsal origin; weak midlateral stripe; 41-54 + 2 scales in midlateral row; and mouth terminal (Ref. 59043).

জীববিজ্ঞান     শব্দকোষ (উদাহরণ স্বরূপ epibenthic)

Inhabits muddy pools of headwaters, creeks, small rivers, and ponds (Ref. 5723, 86798). Also found in lakes (Ref. 10294). Can tolerate conditions (e.g., turbid, hot, poorly oxygenated, intermittent streams) unsuitable for most fishes (Ref. 5723, 86798). Feeds on detritus and algae (Ref. 10294). Spawns in still-water habitats along shores (Ref. 59043). Introductions consequently caused the spread of the enteric red-mouth disease throughout northern Europe which infected wild and cultured trouts and eels (Ref. 1739). Maintained a relatively high metabolic rate and level of activity under hypoxic conditions (Ref. 77050). Individuals that survived the hypoxic conditions during winter had rapid growth rates after ice-off (Ref. 77048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট

"Males defend territories and eggs, and clean plants, stone or other materials by rubbing them with the spongy nape pad and dorsal fin, which contain mucus-secreting cells and taste buds. The mucus may have fungicidal properties" (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | সূত্র সংখ্যা | সমম্বয়কারী | সহযোগী

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 July 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Potential pest





Human uses

মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : বাণিজ্যিক; স্পশর্ী : usually
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

আরো তথ্য

Life cycle
প্রজনন
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
শুককীট
শুককীটের সত্রিুয়তা
Anatomy
Gill areas
মস্তিস্ক সমূহ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
-এর সাতাঁরের ধরণ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
মৎস্য শব্দ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
বংশানুগতিবিদ্যা
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
একুয়াকালচার নকশাসমূহ
বংশ
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

হাতিয়ার

Special reports

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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: গণ , প্রজাতি | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | জাতীয় উপাত্ত সমূহ | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | জীবন বৃক্ষ | Wikipedia: Go, অনুসন্ধান |
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World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | জুলজিকাল রেকর্ড

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00616 - 0.01175), b=3.07 (2.98 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref. 69278):  2.4   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref. 120179):  উচ্চ, সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৫ মাস (tmax=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.