Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
; ນ້ຳຈືດ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; ກຸ່ມຫຼືຊະນິດປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍພາຍໃນນ້ຳຈືດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 40°C (Ref. 55930); 53°N - 15°N, 100°E - 140°E (Ref. 55930)
Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 40637); common length : 12.2 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 35840); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 13 ປີ (Ref. 55930)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 7 - 9; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 8 - 10. Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1.
Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930).
Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults.
Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks, 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Potential pest (Ref. 74657)
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ; ການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
Download XML
ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00779 - 0.01068), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.08-0.09; tm=3-9; tmax >13; Fec=1,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73 [39, 113] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.72, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [18.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.177, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.8, 64.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.37 [2.88, 20.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.713 [0.531, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight);
