分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Cichlinae
Etymology: Cichla: Greek, kichle = wrasse (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 5 - ? m. 熱帶; 24°C - 27°C (Ref. 2060); 26°N - 9°S
South America: Marowijne drainage in Suriname and French Guiana to the Essequibo drainage in Guyana.
南美洲: 蘇利南與在蓋亞那的法屬圭亞那到 Essequibo 流域的 Marowijne 流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 32 - ? cm
Max length : 74.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 6.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of Cichla except C. nigromaculata, C. intermedia, C. piquiti, and C. melaniae, by presence of bars 1a and 2a. Lateral band abbreviated in juveniles. Distinguished from its congeners with abbreviated lateral band by lateral line usually continuous (vs. discontinuous or nearly always discontinuous in orinocensis and nigromaculata; scales in E1 row (67-) 70-80 (-82) (vs. 84-93 in pleiozona); occipital bar absent or indistinct (vs. emphasized in adults of monoculus, kelberi, and pleiozona); abdominal blotches present (vs. absent in orinocensis); vertical bars present at adult size (vs. three midlateral ocellated blotches in orinocensis), except that an ocellated blotch consistently formed in dorsal portion of bar 3; absence of small black blotches on dorsum (vs. present in nigromaculata); vertical bars about equally wide across side (vs. wide, occasionally confluent dorsally, and tapering ventrad in nigromaculata, monoculus, kelberi, and pleiozona. Distinguished from C. intermedia, C. piquiti, and C. melaniae by abbreviated vs. complete juvenile lateral band, less scales in E1 row (67-82 vs. (78) 83-108), and presence of ocellated blotch in dorsal portion of bar 3 vs. absence (Ref. 57716).
基本上出现黄色的有一个深绿色的背面与白色的腹面; 眼淡红的有一些部分向下延伸到身体侧面的黑的垂直条纹; 在后颈上雄性有突出的隆起; 在尾部上明显的黑色 " 眼斑 ", 从那一个鱼有了它的名称.(参考文献 44091)
Occurs in the rapids, in quiet waters with medium depth and rocky substrates (Ref. 35237). Forms schools (Ref. 9086). Feeds only on small fish, especially threadfin shad, mosquito fish, tilapia and bluegill. Not considered ideal for aquaculture due to its highly predatory habits (Ref. 1739). Reproduction occurs year-round, with a peak at the start of the rainy season. About 9,000 to 15,000 eggs per kg are released during spawning. Spawning takes place every two months on a flat stone in shallow water. The sticky eggs, measuring 1.4 mm in diameter, take 78 hours to hatch at 28°C.
形成鱼群。 (参考文献 9086) 出现于急流, 在安静的水域中和中等的深度与岩石的底部.(参考文献 35237) 只吃小鱼, 尤其 threadfin 非鱼类，蚊子鱼，吴郭鱼与浅蓝色大太阳鱼。 因为水产业由于它的高度掠食性习惯，不被认为是理想。 (参考文献 1739) 繁殖全年, 具有一个高峰在那雨季的初始。 大约每公斤 9,000 到 15,000个卵在产卵的时候被释放。 每个二个月产卵在浅水区中的一块平坦的石头上发生。 黏性卵, 测量 1.4 mm 直径, 花 78 小时在 28个 ° C. 孵化
Spawning, with rare exceptions, takes place on a flat, horizontal surface which is either bare to begin with, or cleared of algae or other vegetation during the spawning activities. The female moves forward laying a single row of eggs and the male follows exuding sperm over each row. Once the eggs have hatched, the parents transport the larvae in their mouths to one of the depression nests.南美洲: 蘇利南與在蓋亞那的法屬圭亞那到 Essequibo 流域的 Marowijne 流域。
Kullander, S.O. and H. Nijssen, 1989. The cichlids of Surinam: Teleostei, Labroidei. E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 256 p. (Ref. 26372)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00688 - 0.02412), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Assuming tm=1; multiple spawning per year; Fec=9,000-15,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
