分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
鱂形目 (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Poeciliidae (Poeciliids)
花鱂科 (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Gambusia: Gambusia: From the Cuban term, Gambusino, which means "nothing", usually in the context of a joke or a farce. Fishing for gambusinos = when one catches nothing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr John Edwards Holbrook (1794–1871) was a zoologist and herpetologist who has been described as ‘the Father of North American Herpetology’. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.8; dH range: ? - 40; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 15°C - 35°C (Ref. 13371); 40°N - 31°N, 89°W - 74°W
Introduced worldwide in tropical and subtropical countries. North America: Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages from New Jersey south to Alabama in USA (Ref. 5723). Established throughout southern Europe (Ref. 59043). Introduced for mosquito control, but had rare to non-existing effects on mosquitoes, and negative to perhaps neutral impact on native fishes (Ref. 12217).
北美洲: 來自紐澤西州的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州。 對於控制蚊子引進了許多國家, 但是在蚊子上對非現有的影響很少了, 而且在原生的魚上負面或可能沒有衝擊.(參考文獻 12217) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59105); 8.0 cm TL (female); 最大年齡: 1.00 年 (Ref. 126182)
背棘 (總數) : 1; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 9.
Adults occur in standing to slow-flowing water, mostly in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of steams (Ref. 5723), typically seen shoaling at the edges (Ref. 44894). They also frequent brackish water (Ref. 5723). Adults feed on small terrestrial insects usually in the drift and amongst aquatic plants, actively selecting very small prey (Ref. 6154). Also observed to take in mosquito larvae (Ref. 41168). Introduced worldwide. Introductions to Europe have seriously threatened many endemic species (Ref. 59043). It is now widely accepted that their effect has been minimal and even may have exacerbated the problem due to their voracious appetite for natural invertebrate predators of mosquito larvae (Ref. 44894).
吃小的陸棲昆蟲通常在漂流物與在水生植物當中, 活躍地選擇非常小的獵物.(參考文獻 6154) 在蚊蟲幼生上也為食。 (參考文獻 41168)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Matures at 4-6 weeks; 3 generations can be produced in one year. Gestation lasts 3-4 weeks. Brood may reach up to 354 young, but is generally around 40-60 (Ref. 1672, 59043).北美洲: 來自紐澤西州的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州。 對於控制蚊子引進了許多國家, 但是在蚊子上對非現有的影響很少了, 而且在原生的魚上負面或可能沒有衝擊.(參考文獻 12217) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 February 2012
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00803 - 0.01246), b=3.19 (3.13 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm<1; multiple spawning per year).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
