分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Gymnarchidae (Abas)
裸臀魚科 (Abas)
Etymology: Gymnarchus: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, archos = anus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.5 - 8.0; dH range: 10 - 25; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 23°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614); 18°N - 2°N, 16°W - 36°E
Africa: basins of the rivers Senegal, Gambia, Volta, Niger and Chad in West Africa (Ref. 3530, 81275). Also in the Nile River basin (Ref. 3530, 28714) and Lake Turkana (Ref. 3530, 52331).
非洲: 在尼羅河，尼日，查德的佛塔河，塞內加爾與甘比亞流域與魯道夫湖中廣泛地出現。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 167 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2915); 最大體重: 18.5 kg (Ref. 2915)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 183 - 230. Diagnosis: body very elongate (Ref. 28714, 81275), anguilliform (Ref. 81275), its depth 7.2-10.6 times in SL, and covered with tiny scales (Ref. 2915, 81275). Lateral line complete (Ref. 81275). Dorsal fin soft-rayed, extending almost over the entire length of back (Ref. 81275), stopping short of a naked tail (Ref. 28714). Pelvic, anal and caudal fins absent (Ref. 28714, 81275), body ending in a thin/sharp point (Ref. 2915, 81275). Pectoral fins reduced (Ref. 81275), 1.9-5.0 times in head length (Ref. 2915, 81275). Head naked, its length 5.6-6.9 times in SL; snout prominent (Ref. 2915, 81275). Mouth large and terminal; teeth strong, pointed or notched, aligned in a single row in both jaws, 12-16 in upper, 22-28 in lower jaw; premaxillae, as well as vomer and palatines, coalesced; maxillae, vomer and palatines toothless; eye very small, without a free margin (covered by skin); only the left gonad is developed and functional (Ref. 81275).
Coloration: dark grey to almost black, darker posteriorly; belly whitish (Ref. 81275).
體高 7.2-10.3 x SL。 頭部 5.6-6.9 x SL。 吻突出的。 胸鰭 1.9-5.0 x 頭長。 身體的末端形成細尖狀。 頭部沒有鱗片。 鱗片小的。
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 118411, 126274). Inhabits marginal vegetation and swamps constructing a flask-shaped nest in vegetation during the floods, which it is reputed to defend with vigour (Ref. 28714). Following flooding of the Gambia River banks, large elliptical floating nests are build in densely vegetated swamps at depths of about 1-1.5 m, in which about 1000 ‘amber-like’ eggs are laid; larvae hatch after 5 days (Ref. 10609). Feeds on crustaceans, insects and fish (Ref. 28714). No pelvic, anal or caudal fins (Ref. 28714). Possesses an electric organ that extends along almost the entire trunk to the tip of the tail (Ref. 10840). Also equipped with ampullary receptors and two types of tuberous receptors for electroreception (Ref. 10841). Showed increased electric organ discharge (EOD) rate by 50-60 Hz between 21 and 31°C (Ref. 10837).
在河岸 (甘比亞河) 的洪水氾濫之後，這種建立大的橢圓漂浮築巢在滿佈植物的沼澤中深度大約 1-1.5 公尺; 產下大約 1000像琥珀色一樣的' 卵; 在 5 天之後的仔魚孵化.(參考文獻 10609) 吃甲殼動物，昆蟲與魚。 (參考文獻 28714) 沒有腹鰭、臀鰭與尾鰭。 持有一個延伸的發電器幾乎沿著整個軀幹到尾巴的尖端.(參考文獻 10840) 對於接收電流也具備有感覺頂泡與兩種類型的感覺結節。 (參考文獻 10841) 在 21 與 31 °C 之間 50-60個赫茲顯現增加的發電器放電 (EOD) 率了。 (參考文獻 10837)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeds in well-vegetated, marginal areas of swamps and rivers, where a large, floating nest, about 1 m in diameter, is constructed, in which the eggs are laid and later guarded by one of the parents (Ref. 27583). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).非洲: 在尼羅河，尼日，查德的佛塔河，塞內加爾與甘比亞流域與魯道夫湖中廣泛地出現。
Bigorne, R., 1990. Gymnarchidae. p. 185-186. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2911)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 May 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00162 - 0.01126), b=3.09 (2.87 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12-0.17).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.6 [33.3, 136.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.56, 2.07] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.11, 0.68] g/100g; Selenium = 118 [43, 271] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17 [6, 45] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.73, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);
