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Pygocentrus nattereri, Red piranha : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium
> Characiformes (Characins) > Serrasalmidae (Piranhas and pacus) > Serrasalminae
Etymology: Pygocentrus:Greek, pyge = rump + Greek, kentron = sting (Ref. 45335). Eponymy: Dr Johann Natterer (1787–1843) was an Austrian naturalist and collector. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page. More on author: Kner.
Taxonomic Remarks Recent observation reveal NMW 16167 dry specimen as possible syntype. See Fink & Zelditch (1997:179) for taxonomic status. See Zbinden (1973) and Sazima and Machado (1990) for details on behaviour.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع البيئة
South America: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin (Ref. 39031). Reported from the Uruguay River, Brazil (Ref. 79585).
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm? range ? - 15 cm Max length : 50.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 81048); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 3.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 16 - 18; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 27 - 30. Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Common in creeks and interconnected ponds in Matto Grosso, Brazil, where it influences distribution and feeding of other fish (Ref. 9080) and in areas of high primary production in Rio Machado and Rio Negro (Ref.9096). Adults feed mainly at dusk and dawn on insects, worms and fish (Ref. 7020). Medium-sized to large individuals (15-24 cm length) forage mainly at dawn, late afternoon and night up to about 2200H, whereas smaller fish (8-11 cm) are active mainly during the day (Ref. 9080). Teeth replacement on alternating sides of jaw allows continuous feeding. Its powerful dentition can inflict serious bites. Has a highly evolved auditory capacity and a 'lurking', then 'dashing' behavior during daytime. Shows hierarchies within small schools (Ref. 9077). Available information on body composition of 'piranha caju' flesh is 8.2% fat, 15.0% protein and 4.4% ash (Ref. 9251).
Males and females appear externally alike (Refs. 2279 & 9245). In 'Serrasalmus sp. aff. nattereri', reported to occur in the Orinoco basin (Venezuela, Guyana), the males have more 'bull-like' heads, but are more slender than females (Ref. 1672). Eggs are laid on tree roots trailing in the water and are guarded; the reproductive success may vary strongly from year to year depending on how the savanna was flooded (Ref. 9078). The eggs are large, adhere to plants and are not attacked by the parents. They hatch in 9 to10 days (Ref. 7020).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804): PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01377 - 0.03170), b=3.16 (3.04 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278): 3.7 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع 120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.89; tm=1; Fec=4,000-5,000).
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈
