Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin récifal; profondeur 20 - 230 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 37°N - 6°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA (Ref. 7251) to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 36453).
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 78 - 87; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 59 - 67.
Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.3 - 27.1, mean 24.1 °C (based on 129 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00405 - 0.01963), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [12.3, 102.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.241, 1.108] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.070, 0.301] g/100g; Selenium = 21.8 [9.8, 50.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.9 [6.3, 143.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.586 [0.355, 0.927] mg/100g (wet weight);