Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 1 - 357 m (Ref. 58426). Temperate; 52°N - 38°N, 75°W - 60°W
Northwest Atlantic: Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to New Jersey in USA.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs in estuaries (especially in the north) (Ref. 7251) to 357 m depth (Ref. 58426). It is tolerant of temperatures between 0 and 21°C (Ref. 58426). Abundant among beds of eelgrass (Zostera) (Ref. 5951). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (alewives, cunner, eels, saand lance, mummichogs, silversides, sticklebacks and tomcod (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 9.5, mean 4.9 °C (based on 133 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00389 - 0.01621), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 158 [30, 544] mg/100g; Iron = 0.364 [0.118, 1.003] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [15.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 1.25 [0.53, 3.53] g/100g; Selenium = 12.6 [5.9, 29.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.6 [9.5, 79.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.3 [0.5, 2.5] mg/100g (wet weight);