Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 12 - 930 m (Ref. 58426), usually 125 - 150 m (Ref. 56590). Polar; -2°C - 8°C (Ref. 4698); 84°N - 45°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 117245)
Arctic to Northwest Atlantic: Ungava Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada and Greenland; Kara Sea and southeastern part of Barents Sea (Ref. 4698).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 56590); common length : 12.9 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 56590); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 160.00 g (Ref. 56590); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 7 έτη (Ref. 56590)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 8 - 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 18 - 22; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 13 - 18. Young with 2 dark blotches on body, which break up into small dark brown spots in adults; spinous dorsal fin with 1-2 round dark patches, soft part with a few comparatively broad dark stripes; upper part of pectoral fin with transverse stripes; anal and pelvic fins colorless; caudal fin with irregular spots (Ref. 4698).
Found on sand or sandy-mud bottoms with stones with salinities of 24.7-34.2 ppt (Ref. 4698). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds mainly large bottom invertebrates, rarely small mollusks (Ref. 4698).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.5 - 4.2, mean -0.5 °C (based on 376 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00300 - 0.01523), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
