分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins)
鮋形目 (Sculpins) >
Cottidae (Sculpins)
杜父魚科 (Sculpins)
Etymology: Cottus: Greek, kottos = a fish (Ref. 45335); carolinae: Named after Miss Caroline Henry, friend of the species describer (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Gill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 溫帶; 39°N - 32°N
North America: upland streams in Mississippi River basin from New River drainage in West Virginia and Virginia, across central Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois to Ozark Mountain drainages in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Oklahoma in the USA; south to Mobile drainage in Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama, USA.
北美洲: 在西維吉尼亞與維吉尼亞的來自新的河流域的丘陵地溪流在密西西比河流域, 越過中央的肯塔基州，印地安那州與伊利諾州對 Ozark 山流域在美國的密蘇里，堪薩斯州，阿肯色州與俄克拉荷馬州; 在喬治亞州，田納西州與美國阿拉巴馬州南至移動的流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 9.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Inhabit gravel and rubble riffles of headwaters, creeks and small rivers. Also occur in springs and their effluents (Ref 5723, 10294). Young feed on aquatic insect immatures of many kinds, including caddisflies, mayflies, and midge larvae; adults on stonefly nymphs and maturing stages of other insects (Ref. 10294).
棲息於礫石與河川源頭,小溪與小河的碎石急流。 也出現在泉水與其溢流 (參考文獻 5723,10294) 。 幼魚捕食水生的昆蟲不成熟的許多類型，包括 caddisflies ，孚游類與蚊仔魚; 成魚捕食 stonefly 蛹而且成熟其他昆蟲的階段.(參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
北美洲: 在西維吉尼亞與維吉尼亞的來自新的河流域的丘陵地溪流在密西西比河流域, 越過中央的肯塔基州，印地安那州與伊利諾州對 Ozark 山流域在美國的密蘇里，堪薩斯州，阿肯色州與俄克拉荷馬州; 在喬治亞州，田納西州與美國阿拉巴馬州南至移動的流域。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 November 2011
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00300 - 0.01523), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
