Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 219 m (Ref. 78464), usually 9 - 91 m (Ref. 78464). Tropical; 31°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: northern Gulf of Mexico in USA to Cuba.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251)
Adults are found mostly below 27 m depth. Young are very common in bays and estuaries.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.7 - 27.7, mean 24.9 °C (based on 414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00431 - 0.01683), b=3.12 (2.93 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
