Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 9 - 183 m (Ref. 89891). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina and northern Gulf of Mexico in USA to Brazil. Puerto Rico, Yucatan, Venezuela (Ref. 26938).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5217)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 12; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 11.
Found from bays and estuaries to the mid-shelf.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.5, mean 24.5 °C (based on 229 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00454 - 0.02203), b=2.99 (2.81 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).