Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 35 - 180 m. Subtropical; 38°N - 10°S, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Virginia to southern Florida in USA and Bahamas; eastern Gulf of Mexico to Louisiana in USA and south to Campeche in Mexico. Also in Caribbean Sea.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.7 - 27.2, mean 23.5 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00220 - 0.01254), b=3.13 (2.92 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).