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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillaginopsis: See Sillago + Greek, opsis = appearance.
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 24°N - 0°N, 78°E - 104°E
Western Indian Ocean: Pondicherry northward along the Coromandel coast, Ganges delta, Myanmar, southward to Malaysia and rarely to the Indonesian Archipelago.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 12.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4833); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3504)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 25 - 27; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 24 - 27; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 42. The head is greatly depressed; the eyes are very small. Second dorsal spine very elongate.
Found in shallow, open muddy bays and estuaries (Ref. 4833). Feed on fish, crustaceans and algae. Spawn twice a year during the months of November to February and August to September and the juveniles migrate toward the upper reaches during March and April and during December where they remain for 2 to 3 months. Sexually mature upon reaching a length of 12 cm (Ref. 6205). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 170 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00245 - 0.00743), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 178 [62, 426] mg/100g; Iron = 1.58 [0.54, 3.98] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.07, 0.25] g/100g; Selenium = 56.5 [19.9, 177.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.4 [4.5, 60.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.04 [0.57, 2.22] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.