Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5227). Subtropical; 33°N -
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Peru and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9341). Based on genetic studies, populations from the Galapagos Islands and mainland part of the tropical eastern Pacific may represent two distinct species and suggest one as endemic to the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 103992).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2850)
A common but inconspicuous species (Ref. 9341). Found in cracks, crevices, under ledge overhangs and other recesses on rocky reefs, steep slopes, and especially on walls. Small individuals often stay near the protective spines of long spined urchin, Diadema mexicanum (Ref. 5227). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.1 °C (based on 272 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00561 - 0.01627), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.4 [21.2, 154.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.698 [0.343, 1.774] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.9, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.34 [0.15, 0.95] g/100g; Selenium = 10.8 [4.9, 28.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 97.5 [31.4, 312.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.67, 1.69] mg/100g (wet weight);
