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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Moronidae (Temperate basses)
Etymology: Dicentrarchus: Greek, di = two + Greek, kentron = sting + Greek, archos = anus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro; distribuzione batimetrica 30 - ? m (Ref. 5990). Subtropical; 51°N - 10°N
Eastern Atlantic: English Channel (occasional) southward along the coasts of Europe and Morocco to Senegal and the Canary Islands; also southern Mediterranean and the Gulf of Suez.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 57391); common length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3397)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 9 - 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 12 - 14; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 12. Diagnosis: elongate fish with 2 separate dorsal fins and a rather deep caudal peduncle; vomerine teeth patch anchor-shaped, with the posterior teeth extending to the midline of palate; scales on interorbital space ctenoid; opercle with 2 flat spines; lower preopercular margin with large, forward-pointing spines; caudal fin moderately forked; scales small (Ref. 57391).
Coloration: silvery grey, back bluish in life; juveniles and adults with small dark markings scattered over back and sides; a very distinct black spot on opercle (Ref. 57391).
Coastal species (Ref. 4197), found in coastal marine and brackish waters (Ref. 57391). Occurs on various kinds of bottoms, including sand, muddy sand and rocks; occasionally occurring in rivers (Ref. 6916, 57391). Also capable of living in hypersaline habitats (Sine Saloum in Senegal)(Ref. 57391). Feeds mainly on shrimps and mollusks, also fishes (Ref. 5990).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Smith, C.L., 1990. Moronidae. p. 692-694. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6916)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 20.7, mean 17.3 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00429 - 0.01066), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.07-0.16).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.37, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.4 [3.9, 188.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.815 [0.282, 2.003] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [19.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.187, 0.624] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [3.3, 29.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.83 [2.35, 42.99] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.716 [0.328, 1.624] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
