Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau; kisaran kedalaman 1 - ? m (Ref. 6390). Temperate; 26°S - 39°S, 112°E - 150°E
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to the southern coasts of Australia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 27296); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 800.00 g (Ref. 27296); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 7 Tahun (Ref. 27652)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 10; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 25. Large eyes, diameter of which about one fifth of the head length. Body scales are slightly rough to touch. Body coloration: green above and silvery below with vertical rows of golden spots on the upper sides, tips of the caudal fin are black. Juveniles have dark golden bars on their sides (Ref. 6390). Length of upper lobe of caudal fin < 29.9% SL (Ref. 9701).
Usually found inshore in bays and estuaries over seagrass beds or near areas of seaweed (e.g. kelp), on rocky reefs, and along ocean beaches. Juveniles are found in inshore coastal waters, bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). Feed on small fish and prawns (Ref. 27946).
Both small, undeveloped ova (eggs) and larger ripe ova are present in the ovary at the same time. This phenomenon suggests that these species are either partial spawners (i.e. only some of the ova are spawned each time) or that the small ova remain in the ovary after spawning and are resorbed (Ref. 27945).
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 20.5, mean 17.4 °C (based on 92 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00352 - 0.02589), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.76 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.3 (1.1 - 1.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.8-1; tm=2-4; tmax=7; Fec=190,000).
Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (94 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.3 [28.8, 99.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.573 [0.349, 1.000] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.9, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.781 [0.419, 1.487] g/100g; Selenium = 9.68 [3.97, 21.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.4 [4.8, 55.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.587 [0.409, 0.855] mg/100g (wet weight);
