Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande. Tropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880)
North to South America: Pacific slope of California, USA to Peru and at the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 12193); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 12193)
Inhabits rivers of low to high current velocity and stagnant waters between sea level and 100 m elevation, generally occurs in freshwaters but sometimes in slightly brackish river mouths. More abundant near the coast and only large individuals are found upstream. Benthic species that lies waiting for prey, shrimps and fish under stones or overhanging shorelines (Ref. 36880).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Bussing, W.A., 1998. Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. 2nd Ed. San José Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 468 p. (Ref. 36880)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00495 - 0.01398), b=3.12 (2.97 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
