Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 100 m (Ref. 50550), usually 10 - 70 m (Ref. 56527). Temperate; 88°N - 40°N, 135°E - 60°W
North Pacific: Hokkaido, Japan and Sea of Okhotsk to the Bering Sea. Arctic Canada.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 112 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 56527)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 83 - 88; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 53 - 54. Four pairs of strong canines on anterior parts of both jaws; molar teeth on prevomerine and palatal bones and posterior part of lower jaw. Dorsal fin without soft rays. Pelvic fins absent.
Found on rocky bottoms (Ref. 559). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on hard-shelled invertebrates (Ref. 28499).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Eggs are very large.
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -0.6 - 6.9, mean 2.3 °C (based on 1276 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5938 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00174 - 0.00913), b=3.17 (2.97 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Assuming tm>5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
