Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 2 - 24 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 36°N - 25°S, 99°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 9; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 11; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 11. Wide black stripe through eye to base of tail, bordered above by prominent gold line. Large black spot on mid-side. Large black spot on mid-side above origin of anal fin (Ref. 26938). Three transverse red bands on top of head; large adult males become primarily rose and green, lose the dark lateral stripe, gain a prominent black spot on mid-side, and have a larger black spot in the spinous portion of the dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Abundant on reef tops and in shallow rocky areas. Found to depths of at least 25 m (Ref. 26938). Also found in Sargassum beds (Ref. 9626). Solitary and wary and can be difficult to approach (Ref. 26938). The tricolored pattern of the initial phase is similar to that of the juveniles of the yellowmouth grouper, Mycteroperca interstitialis, an aggressive mimic (Ref. 43465). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Generally of no interest to fisheries because of its small average size (Ref. 5217).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Diandric. Forms leks during breeding (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 10.9 cm TL (Ref. 55367).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 685 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00604 - 0.01816), b=3.21 (3.06 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.7 [47.7, 130.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.694 [0.408, 1.271] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [15.6, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.095, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 23.2 [14.3, 40.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 133 [43, 483] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [1.2, 2.7] mg/100g (wet weight);
