分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes)
鱸形目 (Surgeonfishes) >
Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)
刺蓋魚科 (Angelfishes)
Etymology: Holacanthus: Greek, holos = full + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 35°S, 99°W - 28°W (Ref. 55265)
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到巴西。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4858); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3797); 最大體重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 26340)
背棘 (總數) : 14; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 21; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 20 - 21. Tail and pectoral fins entirely yellow. Black spot on forehead has electric blue spots and is surrounded by narrow, electric blue ring. Large blue spot at base of pectoral fin (Ref. 26938). Adults develop short spines on the margin. The color of large adults is purplish blue with yellow-orange rims to the scales; head above eye dark blue, below greenish yellow; mouth, chin, throat, chest and abdomen purplish blue (Ref. 13442)
尾部與胸鰭完全黃色。 在前額上的黑色的斑點有鐵青色斑點而且包圍狹窄的, 鐵青色環。 在胸鰭基底的大藍色的斑點.(參考文獻 26938) 成魚在邊緣上發育矮棘。 大的成魚的顏色用橘黃色的邊緣到鱗片是帶紫色的藍色; 頭部眼睛上方深藍色, 下面黃綠色的; 嘴，下巴，咽喉，胸與腹部帶紫色的藍色 (參考文獻 13442)
Found on coral reefs. Generally occurs solitarily or in pairs. Moves gracefully between seafans, seawhips, and corals (Ref. 9710). Stomach contents of 26 specimens indicate that the species feeds almost exclusively on sponges supplemented by small amounts of algae, tunicates, hydroids and bryozoans. Young pick ectoparasites from other fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3797).
棲息於珊瑚礁了。 通常單獨地或成對出現。 優美地在海扇，海鞭子與珊瑚之間移動。 (參考文獻 9710) 26件標本的胃內含物指出此魚種幾乎只在被附加少量的藻類，被囊類，水息蟲與苔蘚蟲類的海綿上吃。 幼魚剔啄體外寄生動物從其它的魚身上。 (參考文獻 9710) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 3797)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到巴西。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03162 (0.01629 - 0.06139), b=2.89 (2.72 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.7 [10.8, 43.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.281, 0.849] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.085, 0.251] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.3, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.8 [8.6, 142.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.792 [0.515, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight);
