Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 2 - 20 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 21°C - 28°C (Ref. 4858); 37°N - 8°N, 100°W - 58°W (Ref. 55198)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda to West Indies and northern South America. Also Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, and Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 9.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 47838)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 17 - 20; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 16 - 17. Large black spot surrounded by a white ring on body below rear of dorsal fin. Narrow, dark, diagonal lines that meet at mid-side, forming series of forward-pointing chevrons (Ref. 26938). Upper profile of head steep and slightly concave due to protruding snout; light gray, shading to pale yellowish on sides; a black bar on head; pelvic fins yellow (Ref. 13442).
Inhabit shallow reefs and generally occurs singly or in pairs. Feed mainly on zoantharians, polychaete worms, gorgonians and tunicates. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as obligate, genetic and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलजीवालय: व्यापारिक
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 558 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01642 - 0.03843), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.8 [32.5, 146.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.862 [0.451, 1.608] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.2, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.093, 0.335] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [6.0, 29.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.9 [7.6, 133.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.60, 1.61] mg/100g (wet weight);
