Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850), usually 3 - 15 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 34°N - 20°N, 121°W - 109°W
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 27 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9118); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9118); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 700.00 g (Ref. 2850); العمر: 20 سنين (Ref. 72462)
Common species found near the bottom, often in caves and crevices of exposed coasts and open bays (Ref. 9118). Feeds on crabs (Ref. 9118).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.7 - 24.2, mean 22.3 °C (based on 110 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00541 - 0.01611), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.18).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
